Understanding 5G mmWave and Sub-6GHz

C-band refers to a specific segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that is used in telecommunications. In the context of 5G, C-band typically refers to the frequency range of approximately 4 GHz to 8 GHz, but most commonly, the term is used to denote frequencies around 3.7 GHz to 4.2 GHz, especially for cellular networks. It offers a balance between coverage and capacity with moderate data speeds and is used for wider area coverage compared to mmWave. It is considered a "mid-band" spectrum in the context of 5G networks.

Environmental factors, such as terrain, building materials, and weather conditions, can differently impact mmWave and Sub-6 GHz frequencies. Sub-6 GHz waves can better penetrate obstacles and are less affected by weather. mmWave frequencies are more susceptible to attenuation and blockage. Effective integration requires network designs that account for these differences, ensuring reliable connectivity by dynamically switching between mmWave and Sub-6 GHz based on environmental conditions and user mobility.

Sub-6 GHz frequencies are ideal for a broad range of applications, including smart cities, connected homes, industrial automation etc. This band can support services that require wide-area coverage, such as in rural or suburban areas, and is suitable for applications that need reliable connectivity but not necessarily the extreme speeds offered by mmWave.